Vaporizing process.



Patented my 23, 1916.

` Y sa.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oFEicE.

HENRY NEWTON WHITTELSEY, OF GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO WHIT-TELSEY COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION 'OF NEW YORK.

' vAroRIzING rEocEss.l

.Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 23, 1916.

originati ap'piiaiion ined March 29, 1913, serial No. 757,501. Dividedand this appiicaiioii ined Juiy 2s,

, 1 f 1914. seiiaiNo. 853,773.

ol'all 'ic/tomi yz'iicmzg/ concern y Beit Aknown that I, HEMDv NEWTONyXViIiTTELsEr, aycitizen of the United States,

residing 'iat Greenwich-in the county of Fairfield anfdState ofConnecticut, have invented cci-tain' new and useful VaporizingProsessejs;l of.' which the following is a speciy fication.

My ,"inventionrelates to vaporizers and ca'rbureters primarily for usein connection with internalrcombustion engines in which I use certainconstituent. members, powerdriven in connection with-the use of liquidfuels,l ,particularly those liquid fuels difficult toi yaporiz'eproperly at ordinary atmos-v pher-ic temperatures. J

"The objectsof my inventiomamong other things", areitofo'rm a goodgaseous mixture for intvroductionv into an internal-combustionengine','consisting of a gas' from the liquid fuel .supplied togetherwith a proper quantity of. air requisite for complete combustion',

boththe fuel gas and the air being intimately mixed together; to. form.a rich gaseous mixture by admitting the liquid fuelA and only `a smallrelatively quantity of air, whatever addltional air .requisite forconiplete combustion being supplied in any snitable manner beforecombustion takes place,i 1n the engine; to form a hydro-carbon gas byadmitting the liquid fuell but no air to my device; and, to control atwill the quantity of the supply of air and fuel to my device. and thequantity the product to be delivered from my device. I attain theseobjects by mechanism -illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure lis a side elevation view with part of the rotor-casingremoved showing portions of the'rotor screens and fan blades in section.taken on the line b-b of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of my devicewith certain parts in section on the line o-a of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section View in elevation taken on the line b-b in Fig. 2looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. f1 is a vertical sectionalview through the line #-0 in Fig. 1 looking in the direction of thearrow. Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view through the line (Z-(Z in Fig. 1loo-king in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal.vertical section view of the rotor A,

and Fig. 7 is an end view of the same rotor.

Fig. 9 is a similar longitudinalfvertical section view of the rotor Band Fig. 8 is an end view of the same rotor. Fig. 10 isan enlarged sideView of Fig. 6, in part, showing certain fan blades and screens. Fig. 11

lis a cross-sectional View of the upper part of the rotors A and Bshowing the structure of the fan blades and screens in detail.

f Fig'. l2 is an enlarged side View of Fig. 8,

in part, showing certain fan blades and screens. Fig. 1351s av View'vshowing a por tion of the outer screen of the rotor B, and..

Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 13, showing 'the same structure in therotor A. Fig. 15

is a plan view showing the use ofperforated sheets instead of screens intherotors. Fig.

16 illustrates the use of transverse blades` 'instead of screens in therotors, and Fig. 17

and Fig. 24 is a cross sectional view of the casing shown .in Fig. 23,taken on the line f f, looking in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 25 is a ldetail view of thevalve stop-in the outlet passage of mydevice. Fig. 26 is a top plan view of my device showing the control ofthe outlet valve andfuelfsupply as well as the electric motor connectedwith my device. Fig. 27 is a View showing a modiied form of thepositions of the fan blades in relation to the screens.

Similar letters and numerals4 refer to similar parts throughout theseveral figures.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, which show generally the preferredembodiment of my invention, l designates the removablepan attached bythumb screws 68 to the casing member 3, which pan is devised to catchwaste matter 'from my device and forms the bottom' member of my rotorcasing. The other parts of rotor casing are made up of several casingmembers 3, a and 5, suitably formed and joined together by bolts andnuts as shown. The casing member 3 has a wide fiange which carries thesupports 83, 3i, 35, 3G and 3T. T his rotor casing affords the inciosureand support for the two rotor members A and i3 respectively, which willbe hereinafter described in detail. C is the) support 35 having the ballbearings 47 covered by the cap 38. Secured to the inner end of the shaft82 is the gear'59 which enmeshes at right angles with the gears 6 and 7thereby rotating said gears in opposite directions. Rigidly attached tothe gear 7 isthe hollow shaft 9 having its outer end carried by thesupport 33 having the ball bearings 42, such ball bearings 42 beingcovered by the cap 39. The inner portion o f the shaft 9 is carried bythe ball bearings 43 held in the shaft 10. The ball bearings 43 are heldin place by a suitable distance tube .44 shown in Figs.'2 and 4. LInlike manner the gear .6 is rigidly attached to the hollow shaft 10, ofgreater diameter than the shaft 9,which revolves within the shaft 10 asshown in Fig. 2. The outer part of the 'shaft 10 is carried by the ballbearings 45 held in the support 37, covered by the cap 40, and its innerpart is carried by the ball bearings'46 held in suitable grooves in thecasing members 3 and 4 as shown in Fig. 4. Other forms of bearings maybe used, but I prefer the use of ball bearings in order to decreasefriction.

The two rotor members A and B will now be described. The rotor A has aplurality of arms 23 integral with the hollow shaft 10 and havepreferably a blade shape, as shown in Fig. 14, so as to draw theproducts within my devicey away from the side suri faces of the rotorcasing. To these arms 23 are attached circular rings 58 in turn securinga series of concentric circular screens 11, 13, and 15, extendingoutwardly at substantially right angles from the arms 23 as shown inFigs. 2, 4 and 7; 18 and 2O are fan blades attached to the rotor Aarranged at an angle to the radial planes passing through the centerline of the rotor shaft 10. The rotor B is constructed similarly to therotor A, having a plurality of arms 24 integral with the shaft 9. asshown in Fig. 9. These arms 24 are preferably blade-shaped as well, asshown in Fig. 13, so as to assist in drawing in air through the passageC and also to draw the proc ucts in the device away from the side of therotor casing. To these arms 24 are attached circular rings 58 in turnsecuring aseries of concentric circular screens 12, 14 and 16 extendingoutwardly at. substantially right angles from the arms as shown in Figs.2, 4 and 9. The

screens 11, 13, 15 of the rotor A and the screens 12, 14 and 16 of therotor B are built so as to alternately telescope within each other asshown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive. 17, 19, 21 and 22 are the fan bladesattached to the rotor B, also arranged at an angle to the radial planespassing through the' center rotation of the respective screens and havealso shown the positions of the respective fan blades; it will be notedthat the blades 17 are located within the screen 12, the blades 17 beingattached to the rotor B and the screen 12 being a part of the rotor B.This system of locating the blades within the attending screens ismaintained through,-y

out the rotors, excepting the blades 22 which A are located outside ofthe screen 16. These blades, however, may be placed outside the screenswhich would slightly alter the construction. Perforated sheets may beusedinstead of screens, as shown in Fig. 15, which are secured to thecircular rings 58 in turn secured to the arms 23; also, the use ofscreens may be dispensed with and transverse blades 80, shown in Figs.16 and 17 may be utilized with substantially the same function andeffect.

In my preferred embodiment l-iquid fuel is supplied throu h the pipe 25in the hollow shaft 9 of t e rotor B to the slots 8 located aboutthecenters of the two rotors A and B, such fuel being forced through thepipe 25connected with thefuel pump E. .The pump E is of the ordinaryplunger type actuating a piston 52 in the c linder 53. The intake anddischarge are t rough the piping 54 and 55 respectively, in which arearranged check valves 56 and 57 respectively. The piping 54 can bedirectly connected with the fuel tank provided the level of the tank isbelow the level of the pum if the level is above the pump or ifthe ueltank is under pressure a float valve chamber may be utilized. The pump Eis operated by the shaft 26 through the eccentrics 27 and 28 held withinthe circular strap 71. The eccentric 27 is held on the shaft 26 by thekey 51. Th( shaft 9 of the rotor B has keyed to it the sleeve 48 carryina worm thread, as shown in Fig. 4, whic actuates the ar 49 keyed to thepump shaft 26 held by the supports 34 and 36, the bearin havin `the caps41 vand 79 respectively. gIhe sha t 26 also has the collar 50 pinned toit and the eccentric 27 is ofconsiderable length and is shown extending'from'pthe left-hand side of the eccentric 28 to thel collar 50, and maybe moved on the shaft 2 6 to the left as far as the vbearing 41. Aneccentric worm thread 60 on the eccentric 27 is shown in Figs..1, 2, 5,18 to 22 inclusive; as the, eccentric 27 moves laterally within theeccentric 28 the,

latter takes the worm thread 60, and is rotated on the eccentric 27throu vh means of such worm thread 60. The sp it collar 72 'is securedabout the left end of the eccentric 27 and the bolt 62 secures thiscollar to the forked end of the rod 29, as shown in Fig.

2. Figs. 18 to 22 inclusive show live stages of position between `thatoriginally shown in `Figs. 1, 2 and 5 and the final position shown inFig. 22. Referring to larly to Fig. `19, I show the new position of theeccentric 28 withits center located at 27 with 63 as the center, .andtherelative .crank circle of the pump; and in'F ig. 22 I tric 27'ngwhichthe center 64 of the eccen-` 61, the movement ofthe eccentric 27 beingone-quarter of its. possible travel, also the relativecrank circle ofthe pump. In Fig.

-20 I show the new position of the eccentric `281When the eccentric 27has moved through one-half of its travel; also the new center v162 ofthe eccentric 28 and the relative crank circle of the pump. So likewisein Fig. 21 I show further movements of the eccentric show th` e extrememovement of the eccen-I tric `28 coincides with the center of the pumpshaft 26. Since the pump E is operated from the eccentric 28 through thestrap 71,'it is evident that I may vary, at will, the stroke of the pumpfrom the maximum as shown in Fig. 18 to zero as shown in Fig. 22 throughthe controlling rod 29,

thereby obtaining complete control of the fuel supplied to my device;nevertheless fuel may be supplied to the rotors of my device by any ofthe well-known means suitable for this purpose. j

To control the volume of gaseous mixture passing through the outletpassage D, Iemploy the valve 30'(Fig.'. 3) controlled by thelever 31(Fig.I 5). The valve- 30 is of the ordinary flat type, hinged at one endon the pivoted rod67, so that the opening of such valve will cause aslittle wire drawing as is such as to promptly supply the engine,

without putting more pressure on the intake gas than the motorengine isdesigned to handle properly. Since the rotors in my de- Y vice may beconstructed without fan blades, the flow of the gaseous mixture may beproduced entirely bythe suction of the engine. As the valve 80 closes itretards the quantity of the `outgoing gaseous mixture, thereby Figs. 18to 22 and particui .the passage C. I, therefore, by this means providean automatic control of the vinfioweferring to Fig. 26, I show' thesimultaneous control of the outlet valve 8O and the fuel pump E. Thecontrol 'rod 29 regulates the position ofthe eccentric 27 as heretoforedescribed. The valve lever 31 has an elongated hole at the upper endthereof, through which. the rod 64 passes. A coil spring 69 surroundsthe rod 64 and normally holds the lever 31 against the nut` 74 thespring being retained lin place by the nut 65. The rods 29 and 64 areconnected together with Ithe single control rod 66, .as shown in Figs. 2and 26. The relative lengths of the rods 29 and 64`are such that thefuel supply will be proper'for the volume of gaseous mixture flowingthrough the valve 30, from maximum to minimum power of the internalcom-` bustion engine to which the device. may be fitted. When the volumeof gaseous mixture and fuel is reduced, by the movement of the controlrod 66 to the point of minimum power of the engine, I prefer to stop theout-- let valve 3Q at this point. This stopping is accomplished by meansof the smallr lever 76 secured to the pivoted rod 67 and stopped by theregulating screw 77, as shown lin Fig. 25. In the further outwardvlateral movement ofthe rod 66, the eccentric 27 w1ll be further movedto the extent of closing the fuel supply entirely. During thisoperavalve 30 has passed through its'predetermined movement and the rod64 will slide throughA the lever 31 against the resistance ofthe coilspring 69, thereby providing means for further entirely closing the'fuel supply-and regulating the outlet valve to permit the passage ofair. This control is effected without interfering in any way with .thenormal combined control of the gaseous mixture and the air at low powerand at all points above the low power of the engine.

Referrin to Figs. 10 to 16 inclusive, I indicate in tese views how therotor screens may be held by -the circular rings 58, two on each side ofeach rotor` screen. as shown in Fig. 11. The rings 58 are secured ltothe rotor arms 23 and 24 respectively, and the fan blades 17 to 22inclusive are likewise se- I-.provide the removable pan to receiveallwaste matter that will not vaporizein the rotors, which pan is shownto be attached to the bottom of the casing member 3 by the thumb screws68. The shape of the casing as shown in Fig. 3 is such that all wastematter would be caught along the left side wall of this pan 1, and wouldnot be carried on with the gaseous mixture through the outlet passage D.

Referring to Fig. 3 I show a valve 32 located in the left end wall ofthe casing member 3 mounted in the bracket 78 and controlled, at will,by the stem 81, which valve is held in position by the coil spring 70.

TheA purpose of this valve is to permit an opening for air to escape,when the rotors are running without fuel being supplied, and'the engineto which the device is attached is at rest.

Referring to Fig. 4 I show lthe ordinary butterfly valve S3 pinned tothe pivpted rod 84 whichuhas secured to it the lever 85, whereby thevalve 83 may be controlled to regulate the intake air when desired.

Referring to Fig. 27, I show a modified form of the location ofthe fanblades when such blades areoutside vinstead of inside their respectivescreens. The sides of the screens are turned outwardly and are securedbetween the rings 58 as shown. By reference to Fig. 11 it will be notedthat the fan blades 21 are attached to the rotor B on the arm 21,. but.in the modified arrangement shown in Fig. 27I the fan blades 21 areattached to the rotor A on the arm 23; therefore in this modifiedarrangement the fan blades that were attached to the rotor A have beenattached to the rotor B, and vice versa, except that the blade 22 alwaysremains attached to the rotor B.

The operation of my device is as follows: The two rotor members arecaused to revolve at high speed in opposite directions by the gears 6,7, and 59 driven from the shaft 82. The liquid fuel is introducedthrough the pipe 25 in the hollow-shaft 9of the rotor B and is fed tothe. rotors through the slots 8. Air is admitted into the device throughthe intake passage C. lVhile the rotors are running at the requisitehigh speed for the character of the fuel used, the fuel is distributedon the inside circular screen 11 of the rotor A running in the oppositedirectionto the fuel slots 8. Due to the high rotative speed of thescreen 11 of rotor A, centrifugal force causesthe liquid fuel to passthrough and leave the same outwardly, the liquid fuel having beendivided into globules by the screen 11 and having a high velocitylmparted to it, while .passing through this screen. These globules,'having such high velocity, travel in a tangential direction, andimpinge on the screen 12 of.

rotor B, with an im actof very high velocity, dueto the ve ocity oftheglobules and the high rotative speed of the screen 12,k

the direction of the former being substantially counter to the directionof the latter. This impact causes a material change of form of theliquid fue] globules, whichresults in genertin a material quantity ofheat instantaneousy taken up by' the liquid fuel in raising certain pars of the globules to thetemperature of vaporization and in supplying tosuch arts the latent heat of the vaporiz'ation, and thus vaporizes theseparts. A single globule may lmpinge successlvely on a number of screenwlres owing y to the angle at the point of impact between the path oftravel of the globule and the I have now described a cycle in a processof vaporizing of liquid fuel, which results in vaporizing parts of theglobules and leaving a greater part of the remainder ,for an instant onthe screen 12 of rotor B, those parts that may have been thrown off, arecarried onto screen 12 or screen 13 by the general movement of the gasand air due to the fan blade action or the suction of the internalcombustion engine to which the device may be fitted.

In the second vaporization cycle the liquid fuel leaves screen 12of'rotor B, impinges on screen 13 of rotor A traveling at high rotativespeed in counter direction to that of screen 12; the impact being ofvery high velocity, resulting in further vaporization of parts of theglobules of the liquid fuel and leaving for an instant the greater partof the remainder of the globules on the screen 13, the action being thesame as before described in the first cycle. Another vaporization cycletakes place in the same manner from screen 13 of rotor A to screen 14 ofrotor B, another from screen 14 to screen 15 of rotor ,A, and stillanother from screen 15 to lscreen 16 of rotor B, and the liquid fuel isfinally and completely vaporized before the end of the last cycle.

y Referring to the fan blades 18 and 20 of rotor A, and 17, 19, 21, and22 of rotor B, the arrows in Fig. 1 indicate the rotative direction ofthe various screens, and the direction of the blades is the Same as thedirection of the screens within which they are located, excepting blades22 which are outside of screen 16 and travel in the same direction asthis screen. Air having been ing of rotor B. `In this space the blades17 attached to rotor B, traveling in the same Adirection as screen 12,drive to a certain extent the air and gaseous mixture around thecircularspace between these screens before they have passed throughscreen 12. I have heretofore described how the globules of fuel travelin a tangential path from screen l1', and it will be noted that this airand mixture is driven by blades 17 against the tangential path off theseglobules of fuel leaving screen 11. Again, blades 18 attached to rotor Adrive the air and gaseous mixture around the circular spacebetweenscreen 12 and screen 13, to a certain extent before passing throughscreen 13, against thetangential path of the globules of the liquid fuelwhich have left screeny 12. Again, fan blades 19,20, and 21drive the airand gaseous mixture laround'the circular space in which they are locatedagainst the tangential path of the globules of fuel in their travel froman inner to an outer screen, and thus repeat the vaporization cycle.

It is a well-known fact that a liquid may be vaporized by passing acurrent of air over it,the vaporization,often-taking place,

when the sensible temperature of both the air and the liquidare'materially below the temperature of vaporization of the liquid.However, this system of vaporization is comparatively slow owing totherelative small number of particles of the liquid that are exposed to theaction of the air. I,

however, 'have here described a process in',

which the liquid fuel, in globules, travels at. high velocity throughair and gaseous mixture, the airand mixture traveling at high velocityin substantially a counter direction, thereby causing the action of theair on a relatively large number of molecules of the liquid'fuel,thereby effecting material vaporization of the liquid fuel. The mixturefinally passes through screen 16, leaving it in a tangential path, thebla-des 22 driving that part thatis between screen 16 and the casingaround to the open space below the rotors, and from.this sp'acethemixture travels on through the outlet D,.any substance not in gaseousform being caught and deposited in the pan 1.

Although I have shown these in the preferred embodiment, still they arenot absolutely necessary to obtain this vaporization action, and `thedevice'V may be satisfactorily operated Without them. 4If

the blades are omitted, the'blade shape of arms 24 of rotor B assists indrawing the air in, and pumping same through the device, and the suctionof any internal-combustion engine serves also to induce the flow fanblades i of air and vapor through the device. The air and mixture inpassing through the screens 'by this action just described is' to acertain extent alternately drawn first in one rotative direction, andthen in the opposite rotativegdirection, as it flows through thesescreens, but the general direction ofthe air and mixture is principallyin radial planes passing through the center line of the rotors. Theglobules offuel, therefore, traveling at their very high velocityl in atangential path from` each screen consequently cross the Ageneral pathof the air and mixture, which results in a relative high velocity of theglobules of fuel with reference to the air and mixture, thereby causingvaporiza- 'tion to a-. material extent.

Again, where the fan blades are located outside the screens asheretofore described and shown in Fig. 27, the operation of my device isas follows z-.Bladesv 17 which arenow attached to rotor A and rotatingwith -screen 11 drive and wipe the air and mixture rbetween screens 11and 12 onto the Wires of screen 12 before it has passed through thistheother blades in this modified form. I

prefer locating the blades, as shown, in the preferred embodiment, butthis modified -i i form isparticularly effective Where it is desired to'put a material pressure on the mixture at the outlet passage D.

' It is evident from the foregoing that the air and the fuel gasvaporized `from the liquid, are both intimately mixed to a mosteffective manner, thusproducing a mixture in which the oxygen of the airis adjacent to the hydrogen and carbon of the fuel, Which is ready .forquick combustion the instant the mixture is ignited in the cylinder ofthe internal-combustionengine; when the ratios of air to fuelarecorrect, theiresulting combustion should be complete thus affording-verygreat economy and freedom from the obnoxious exhaust gas.

.It is evident that a material quantity of power is required to drivethe rotors at high speed. While the vaporization processes are takingplace, due to imparting high velocity to the globules of fuel, drivingthe screens against this high velocity of thefuel, and against theresistance of the air and mixture. I therefore have described a devicein which a materialquantity of power is converted into heat, which isconsumed in the vaporization of the liquid, and further theeffectiveness of the device varies directly, as the power consumed bythe vaporization recesses. The word globule as I have here- 1n used itmeans a small quantity of liquid,

and may be of a spherical or an elongated rounding shape, and furthermay be divided once or many times forming one or many globules.

The commercial liquid fuels vary widely in specificv gravity or Baumegage, temperature of-vaporization, latent heat of vaporization, etc.Therefore, the heat necessary for vaporization varies widely. Iconsequently vary either the number of the screens or the speed of therotors, or both, to

generate the proper quantity of heat for the particular liquid fuelemployed. These variations directly affect. the power required to drivethe rotors, therefore, the power consumed varies also. i

It is evident that perforated plates or blades as before described maybe used instead of screens, in fact any suitably designed members maybeused in placeof the circular screenswhich .will accomplish thetion,although the temperature of the air may not be sufficient to raise thetemperature of the fuel to the temperature of vaporization. Latent heatthus supplied would directly reduce the heat to be generated in thedevice and therefore the relative power, speed of rotors, or number ofscreens.

The electric motor 73, obtaining its current from storage batteries, isparticularly adaptable for driving this preferred embodiment, owing tothe fact that the rotors may be running when the internal combus-i tionengine to which the device may be fitted is idle, which facilitates thestarting of such internal combustion engine, and also affords otherobvious advantages in the practical operation.

The preferred embodiment of my invention as shown and described may beemployed to generate a very rich mixture by supplying an insuliicientquantity of air with reference to the liquid fuel supplied. theremaining necessary air for complete combustion being supplied beforecombustion takes place in the engine .cylinder-s. Again, my inventionmay be used for vaporizing the liquid fuel only. by cutting oif the airsupplied by closing the valve S3 in the passage C, the resultingproductof the device being hydrocarbon gas which could be introduced into aninternal combustion engine land the air necessary for completecombastion supplied before combustion takes any suitable means from thewaste place. Further, my device may be used as a perfecting vaporizerand carbureter by connecting the intake passage C with a carbureter ofthe ordinary type, which, of itself cannot thoroughly vaporize liquidfuels that do not themselves vaporize readily at ordinary atmospherictemperatures. The products*coming from such carbureters usually consistof various quantities of hydrocarbon gas, liquid fuel in suspension, and

Aair in a more or less unmixed condition. It

is evident, by cutting off the fuel supply to my device, that thisinefficient mixture could be passed through my rapidly revolving rotors,resulting in the complete vaporization of the liquid in suspension andcomplete mixing of the air and vaporized fuel, thus deli-verin from mydevice a thoroughly vaporized an mixed gaseous mixture for combustion.

It is ,evident that I may put a material pressure on the product of mydevice passing through the outlet passage D, by means of the fan blades,which is a material advantage in connection with certain types ofinternal combust1on engines.

I have now described thepreferred embodiment of my invention and themethod pheric temperature may be effectively va' porized and the gas andair mixed by the use of one rotor only.

I have stated and shown the number of screens, the speed of the rotorsand the form and number of fan blades, and the power utilized may bevaried or adjusted to suit the particular characteristics of the fuelemployed and the engine to which it may be fitted; and the casing wouldbe made suitable to any modied form of the vaporizing members, omittingif not required, the detachable feature and special form of the casingmember l.

This application is a division of my coending application Serial No.757,501, filed iIarch 29, 1913.

I claim and desire to obtain by Letters Patent the following:

l. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures. which consistsof impinging the fuel and resistant surfaces at impacts of highvelocity,

lac"

such impacts being of requisite intensity to generate heatof'vaporization of the liquid at the points of impingement, thereby'cans-,y

readily vaporized at atmospheric tempera-- tures, which consists ofimpinging globules of fuel and resistant surfaces at impacts of highvelocity, such impacts being of requisite intensity to generate-heat ofvaporization of the liquid at the `points of iinpingement, therebycausingvaporization of the liquid due to the heat so generated.

3. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures, which consistsof successively impinging the fuel and, a plurality of resistantsurfaces at successive impacts of high velocity, such impacts being ofrequisite intensity to generate .heat of vaporization ofthe liquid atthe points of impingeinent, thereby causing vapor-ization `of the liquiddue -to the heat so generated.`

4. The process substantially as herein described, `of yaporizing liquidfuels -not readily Vaprized at atmospheric temperature, which consistsof impinging globules of fuel and a plurality of resistant surfaces insuccession at impacts of high velocity, such impacts being of requisiteintensity to generate heat of .vaporization 'of the liquidl at thepoints of impingements, therebycausing vaporization of the liquid due tothe heat so generated. Y

5. Theprocess substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures, which consistsin reducing the liquid to a globularcondition in suspension in gas, andimpinging the globules, and air, gas or mixture, at impacts of highvelocity, such impacts -being of requisite intensity to produce rapidvaporization through the agitation of the particles of the globules.

6. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures, in the presenceof heat from an extraneous source, which consists in reducing the liquidto a globular condition in suspension in gas, and impinging theglobules,and air, gas or mixture, at impacts of high velocity, such impacts being-ofrequisite intensity to agitate the particles of the globules to thepoint of rapid .vaporization, thereby causing vaporization of thevliquid due to the agitation of the particles of the globules, and tosuch latent heat of vaporization as is supplied from the extraneoussource.

7. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily` vaporized at atmospheric' temperatures,Which-consists in reducing the liquid to a globular conditioninsuspension in gas, and successively impinging'the` globules, and

air, gas or mixture, at impacts of high velocity, such impacts being: ofrequisite intensityv to produce rapid vaporization through the agitationof the particles of the globules.

8. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidvfuels not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures, in the presenceof heat from an extraneous source, which consists in reducing the liquidto a globular condition in suspension, and successively impinging theglobules, and air, gas or mixture, at impacts of high velocity, suchAimpacts being of requisite intensity to agitate the particles of theglobules to the point of rapid vaporization, thereby causingvaporization of the liquid due tothe agitation of the particles of theglobules, and to such latent heat of vaporization as is supplied from.the extraneous source.

9. The process substantially as herein de` scribed of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily vapor-ized at atmospheric temperatures, in thepresence of heat from an extraneous source, Which consists of impingingthe fuel and resistant surfaces at impacts of high' velocity, suchAimpacts being of requisite inpinging the fuel and a plurality ofresistant surfaces at impacts of high velocity,

" such impacts being of requisite intensity togenerate heat ofvaporization of the liquid at the points of impingement, thereby causiooing vaporization of the liquid dueto the heat so generated and to-suchlatent heat of vaporization as is supplied from the extraneous source.

11. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures,

kWhich consists of impinging the fuel and reof the liquid due both tothe heat generated and to the agitation of the particles of the`globules.

l2. The process substantially as herein dcscribed of vaporizing a liquidfuel not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures, in the presenceof heat from an extraneous source, which consists of impingng the fueland resistant surfaces at impacts of high velocity, such impacts beingof requisite intensity to generate heat of vaporization of the liquid atthe points of impingement, and impinging lglobules of the liqu1d, andair, gas or mixture, at impacts of high velocity, such impacts alsobeing of requisite intensity to agitate the particles of the globules tothe point of rapid vaporization, thereby causing vaporization of theliquid due to the heat generated, to the agitation of the particles ofthe globules, and to such latent heat of vaporization as is suppliedfrom the extraneous source.

13. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing liquidfuels not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures, which consistsof successively impinging the fuel and a plurality of resistant surfacesat impacts of high velocity, such impacts being of requisite intensityto generate heat of vaporization at the points of impingement, andsuccessively impinging globules of the liquid, and air, gas-or mixture,at impacts of high velocity, such impacts also being of requisiteintensity to agitate the articles of the globules to the point of rapivaporization, thereby causing vaporization of the liquid due both to theheat generated and to the agitation of the particles of the globules.

14. The process substantially as herein described of vaporizing a liquidfuel not readily vaporized at atmospheric temperatures, in the presenceof heat from an extraneous source, which consists of successivelyimpinging the fuel and a plurality of resistant surfaces at impacts ofhigh velocity, such impacts being of requisite intensityto generatevheat of` vaporization of the liquid at the points of im ingement, andsuccessively impinging globuFes of the liquid, and air, gas or mixture,at impacts of high velocity, such impacts also bein of vrequisiteintensity t0 agitate the partie es of the globules to the point of rapldvaporization, 'thereby causing vaporizatiol'i of the liquid due to theheat generated, to the agitation of the particles of' the globules, andto such latent heat of vaporization as is supplied from the extraneoussource.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

HENRY NEWTON WHITTELSEY.

Witnesses: y

- A. D. Wnrxns, Jr.,

M. M. RIEMANN.

